剑5 第一套
Passage 1第二段
compile v.编辑，编纂
write • compile • compose
concentrate v.集中，关注
pay attention • concentrate • concentration • keep your mind on • keep your eyes on • take notice/note • attentive • attention span
convey v.传达，传递
express • convey • communicate • say • get something over • put something into words/find the words to say
第三段
define v.定义……
meaning • sense • significance • definition • connotation • define
circumscribe v.限制，约束
To limit power, rights, or abilities [= restrict]:
conquer v.征服
defeat • overwhelm • annihilate • rout • bring somebody to their knees • conquer
hold back • stifle • suppress • overcome/conquer
第五段
station v.驻扎，静坐
send • pack off • dispatch/despatch • send in • send out • be posted • be stationed
第六段
file v.把文件或资料归档
keep • store • keep something on file • file • keep a record/keep records
rival v.对抗，与……抗衡
competitor • rival • the competition
第八段
ascertain v.确定
check • check out • make sure/make certain • double-check • verify • confirm • ascertain
Passage 2 第一段
obey v.遵守，遵从
obey • comply with • abide by • keep to • stick to the rules • conform to • observe • respect • toe the line • go by the book/do something by the book
第二段
administer v.控制，施加
To manage the work or money of a company or organization
simulate v.模拟
To make or produce something that is not real but has the appearance or feeling of being
real
emit v.释放出，发出……的声音
send out • give out • give off • emit • radiate • cast/throw
make a sound/make a noise • go • with • go off • emit • let out
writhe v.因剧痛而蠕动，扭动身体
fidget • can"t keep still • squirm • wriggle • writhe • twitch
denounce v.谴责，指责
voice/express/show etc your disapproval • condemn • denounce • deplore
第三段
unfold v.展开
open • unwrap • unfold • unroll
pose v.带来，提出
ask
balk v.畏缩不前，犹豫
To not want to do or try something, because it seems difficult, unpleasant, or frightening
question v.质疑
question • interrogate • cross-examine • carry out door-to-door inquiries • be helping police with their inquiries
第四段
anticipate v.预测
expect • think • anticipate
第五段
fluster v.使不安，使紧张，使困惑
To make someone nervous and confused by making them hurry or interrupting them:
第六段
discharge v.放电，释放
If a piece of electrical equipment discharges, or if it is discharged, it sends out electricity
evolve v.演变，进化
develop • evolve
第七段
evoke v.引发，引起
remind somebody of • make somebody think of • bring/call to mind • be a reminder • bring back memories/take somebody back • evoke • evocative • come flooding back
第八段
merge v.合并，混合
combine • be a mixture of something and something • bring together • blend • mingle • merge
unite • team up • get together • combine • join forces • come together • amalgamate • merge
surrender v.投降，放弃
admit/accept defeat • give in • surrender • concede
第九段
forgo v.放弃
do without/go without • deny yourself • abstain • forgo
dictate v.听写，控制，指挥
tell • order • ask somebody to do something • demand • insist • dictate
elucidate v.阐明，说明，解释
To explain something that is difficult to understand by providing more information
Passage 3
第二段
starve v.使……挨饿
starving • starve • hungry • not get enough to eat • half-starved • underfed • malnourished
exaggerate v.夸大,夸张
exaggerate • blow something (up) out of all proportion • make too much of • overrated • overemphasize • overstate • be melodramatic • lay it on
associate v.与……相连
link • associate • make a connection • establish a link
be connected/be related • be linked • associated • have/be something to do with • be bound up with something/go hand in hand
cure v.治愈
cure • remedy • antidote
restrict v.限制，约束
limit • restrict • set/impose/put a limit • keep to/keep within • confine • fix
accelerate v.加速，加快
go faster • speed up • pick up/gather speed • accelerate • quicken your pace • gain/gather momentum
第三段
nurture v.培育，形成
nurture • foster
decline v.下降
go down/come down • fall/drop • decrease • decline • reduction • cut • plummet/plunge • taper off • dwindle • slide • take a nosedive
第五段
overstate v.夸大
exaggerate • blow something (up) out of all proportion • make too much of • overrated • overemphasize • overstate • be melodramatic • lay it on
第六段
apply v.适用，应用
apply • claim • request • approach • put in for • applicant • claimant
oppose v.反对
be against/be opposed to • oppose • not agree with something • not believe in something • anti- • hostile • antagonistic
第七段
melt v.融化
melt • dissolve • thaw • melt down • molten • condense • soluble
diminish v.消失，减少
To become or make something become smaller or less [= reduce]:
第十段
experience v.经历
happen to • experience • go through • live through • know
postpone v.推延，延迟
postpone • put off • delay • be pushed/moved/put back • put something on ice/put something on the back burner • procrastinate
第十一段
buy v.买，争取（时间）
buy • get • purchase • snap up • pick up • splash out on • acquire
avoid v.避免
avoid • stay away/keep away • steer clear of • make a detour
剑5 第二套
Passage 1第一段
patent v.申请专利
To obtain a special document giving you the right to make or sell a new invention or product
第二段
mould v.铸造，塑造
form • mould • shape
engineer v.设计，加工
orchestrate • stage-manage • engineer • contrive
revert v.返回
start again • go back to/revert to • slip back into
第四段
abandon v.放弃，抛弃
give up • quit • abandon • drop • leave it at that
amass v.累计，积累
accumulate • amass • gain
manufacture v.制造
make • produce • manufacture • mass-produce • churn out/turn out • create • fashion • build • construct • assemble
第五段
outline v.列举outline • sketch out
第六段
govern v.受……限制
govern • run • rule • be in power • be in government • hold office
extract v.抽取，提取
find out • get something out of • get information • extract • worm something out of • drag something out of
taper v.逐渐变细，变尖
get/grow thinner get narrower • taper
第七段
relish v.欣赏，品味
revel in • get a kick out of • relish • gloat • wallow in • take pleasure in • delight in
despise v.鄙视，轻视
hate • hate somebody"s guts • can"t stand • detest • loathe • despise • abhor
Passage 2
第一段
tempt v.引发
attract • tempt • seduce
dub v. 称作
call • christen • dub
第二段
rely v.依靠，依赖
To trust or depend on someone or something to do what you need or expect them to do [ reliable, reliance]:
puncture v. 戳破，化解
make a hole in • pierce • puncture • punch • drill a hole
第五段
trigger v. 引发，触发
set off • trigger/spark • precipitate
amuse v. 使愉快，开心
make somebody laugh • crack somebody up • raise a laugh • have somebody in hysterics/stitches • amuse
第七段
track v. 追踪
follow • tail • be/sit on somebody"s tail • shadow • track/trail • hound • stalk • stalker
accompany v. 伴随
with • together • along with • come with • accompanying
第八段
tuck v. 隐藏，蜷缩
put • slide • tuck • insert
第十段
milk v. 挤奶，猎取
To take milk from a cow or goat
第十一段
distort v. 扭曲，歪曲
twist • misrepresent • distort • falsify • put words into somebody"s mouth • cook the books • rewrite history
Passage 3
第一段
dominate v.统治，在……中拥有重要的位置
dominate • monopolize • monopoly • stranglehold • have total/complete control • hold sway
第二段
renew v.重新开始，使复活，使更新
continue • start again • go on • go back to/return to • resume • take something up again • pick up/take up where you left off • reopen • renew
第三段
adopt v.接受，采纳
adopt • foster • guardian • in care
publicize v.出版
advertise • promote • publicize • market • hype/hype up • plug • sell • push • announce • report
promote v.促进，加强
help • encourage • promote • aid • benefit • advance/further • be conducive to • give something a boost • be favourable for/to
第六段
exploit v.探索
use • exploit • make use of • take advantage of • play on • capitalize on
deposit v.储存，堆积，放置，存放
put • place • leave • abandon • position • plant a bomb/explosives etc • plant • lay • set down • deposit
seal v.盖戳
block up • plug/plug up • seal
restrict v.限制
limit • restrict • set/impose/put a limit • keep to/keep within • confine • fix
第七段
delay v.拖延，延迟
delay • hold-up/holdup • bottleneck
第八段
engage v.参与，参加
To be doing or to become involved in an activity
foster v.促进，加强
promote
第九段
inaugurate v.创立
To open a building or start an organization, event etc for the first time:
第十段
estimate v.估计
guess • estimate • guesswork • speculation • speculative • conjecture
oppose v.反对，抵制
be against/be opposed to • oppose • not agree with something • not believe in something • anti- • hostile • antagonistic
institute v.建立
To introduce or start a system, rule, legal process etc
剑5 第三套
Passage 1
A段
argue v.争辩，坚决主张，认为
argue • quarrel • fight • have a fight • fall out with • be at each other"s throats • clash
B段
claim v.宣称，表示
claim • maintain • assert • confirm • testify • swear • certify • insist • protest • deny
expand v.扩充，扩展
get bigger • grow • expand • swell up • stretch
C段
acknowledge v.认可，承认
accept • recognize • acknowledge
observe v.注意到，观察到
notice • can see/can tell • I see • spot • become aware/conscious • catch somebody"s eye • detect • note • observe • perceive
launch v.发起，进行
start • begin • get down to • start on • set about/set to work • proceed to do something • settle down to • launch into • embark on/upon • come to/grow to/get to • get cracking
involve v.包括，涵盖，使……参与进来
involve • drag somebody into • bring in
D段
bypass v.绕过……
To go around a town or other busy place rather than through it:
foster v.促进
promote
E段
evaluate v.评估，评价
judge • assess • evaluate • critique
solve v.解决
solve • work out/figure out
F段
perpetuate v.延续，保持
continue/carry on • maintain • perpetuate • keep up • preserve
outline v.罗列，列举
summary • outline • overview • rundown • precis • synopsis
indicate v.表明，暗示
point • indicate • gesture at/towards • point out
Passage 2
A段
erode v.腐蚀，侵蚀
wear away • erode • corrode • rust/rust away
scour v.用力擦洗，冲刷
brush • scrub • sweep • scour
B段
deposit v.沉积，堆积
put in • deposit
accumulate v.累计，聚集
accumulate • build up • pile up • mount up • collect • gather
C段
indicate v.表明，暗示
point • indicate • gesture at/towards • point out
replenish v.补充，添加
refill • replenish • top up
D段
divert v.转移，使转向
not draw attention • draw attention away from • divert/distract attention • put somebody off • keep a low profile
E段
rest v.休息，存留在
rest • take a rest • relax • take a break • lie down • put your feet up • laze • take it easy • chill/chill out
concur v.同意，赞同
agree • be in agreement • be of the same opinion • share the view that • subscribe to • concur
affect v.影响
have an effect • have an impact • affect • take effect • make a difference • impact
stimulate v.刺激，激发
To encourage or help an activity to begin or develop further
upset v.使……不安
upset • hurt • hurt somebody"s feelings • distress
F段
devise v.设计，制定出
invent • create • come up with/think up • devise • make up • conceive • dream up • coin
Passage 3
引子
perform v.表演，执行
perform • appear • be in something
A段
vanish v.消失，突然不见
disappear • vanish • become extinct • extinction • die out • cease to exist
ignite v.点燃，引发
set fire to something/set something on fire • light • torch • ignite
B段
launch v.建立，发布
start • launch • open • initiate • spark off • set in motion • get/start/set the ball rolling • get things moving • (let"s) get this show on the road
coin v.创造
invent • create • come up with/think up • devise • make up • conceive • dream up • coin
encompass v.包含，涵盖
cover • encompass • embrace • span
capture v.捕捉，占领，再现
capture • round up • take somebody prisoner • recapture
mimic v.模仿
imitate • do an impression/imitation • mimic • a take-off of somebody/something
C段
peak v.达到全盛
To reach the highest point or level:
rear v.培养，养育，培育
To look after a person or animal until they are fully grown [= raise]:
imply v.暗示
suggest • imply • say • implication • undertone
solve v.解决
solve • find/come up with a solution • resolve • put right • cure • remedy • sort out • sort • iron out
materialize v.变为现实
happen • come true • be realized • be fulfilled • materialize
opt v.选择
decide on • settle on • plump for • opt
align v.与……同列，与……结盟
To publicly support a political group, country, or person that you agree with
D段
Characterize v. 描绘，描述……的特征
Describe something/somebody as • characterize somebody/something as • label • portray/represent • depict • paint a pictur
joke v.开玩笑
make a joke/crack a joke • tell a joke • joke • wisecrack
implement v.实施
carry out • execute • implement • put something into practice • deliver the goods/come up with the goods
E段
back v.支持
To support someone or something, especially by giving them money or using your influence
reckon v.认为
think • believe • feel • figure • reckon • consider • regard/see • think of somebody/something as/look on somebody/something as • take the view that/be of the opinion that • be recognized/acknowledged as
spot v.发现
notice • can see/can tell • I see • spot • become aware/conscious • catch somebody"s eye • detect • note • observe • perceive
camouflage v.伪装
disguise • camouflage
extract v.提取，抽取
find out • get something out of • get information • extract • worm something out of • drag something out of
F段
boost v.促进，加强
help • encourage • promote • aid • benefit • advance/further • be conducive to • give something a boost • be favourable for/t
differentiate v.区别开
can tell the difference • can tell somebody/something apart • distinguish • differentiate • draw/make a distinction • discriminate
exacerbate v.恶化
make things worse/make it worse • to make matters/things worse • aggravate • exacerbate • compound • to add insult to injury
filter v.过滤
To remove unwanted substances from water, air etc by passing it through a special substance or piece of equipment:
categorize v.将……分类
sort • categorize • classify • be grouped • class • grade
emerge v.开始出现
appear • become visible • come into view/come into sight • come out • emerge • loom/loom up • reappear
G段
Lip- read v. 观察人的嘴唇动作来理解话意
To understand what someone is saying by watching the way their lips move, because you cannot hear them
encapsulate v.涵盖，概括
To express or show something in a short way [= sum up]
transcribe v.记录，用音标记下……的语音
copy • copy out • copy down • transcribe
剑5 第四套
Passage 1
A段
promote v. 促进, 发扬，提拔
help • encourage • promote • aid • benefit • advance/further • be conducive to • give something a boost • be favourable for/to
boom v. 发出）轰轰声
boom/boom out • roar • thunder • blare/blare out • blast/blast out
isolate v. 隔离, 孤立, 绝缘
separate • keep somebody apart • isolate • cut somebody off from • segregate • segregation • apartheid • in quarantine
prevail v. 流行, 盛行, 获胜
win • come out on top • prevail • carry the day • win the day
B段
undermine v. 破坏
spoil • ruin • mess up • undermine • screw up • sabotage • throw a spanner in the works • pour cold water on
associate v. 联系, 交往
link • associate • make a connection • establish a link
be connected/be related • be linked • associated • have/be something to do with • be bound up with something/go hand in hand
fuel v. 加燃料
increase • strengthen • heighten • add to • raise • fuel
C段
ensure v. 保证，确保
make sure/make certain • insure/ensure • see that/see to it that
exploit v. 开拓, 开发
use • take advantage of • exploit • manipulate • can wrap/wind somebody around your little finger
integrate v. 成整体，结合
If two or more things integrate, or if you integrate them, they combine or work together in a way that makes something more effective
demonstrate v. 示范, 证明
prove • show • demonstrate • confirm • support • back up • bear out • substantiate • validate • corroborate
penetrate v. 穿透, 渗透, 刺入
enter • penetrate • seep in • permeate
repatriate v. 遣返
expel • deport • extradite • repatriate • exile/send into exile • banish
Passage 2
第一段
analyze v. 分析, 分解
examine • look carefully/closely • take/have a look at • analyze • study • check • check over • inspect • go through/go over • look over • scrutinize
第二段
insist v.坚持, 强调
To keep doing something, especially something that is inconvenient or annoying:
第三段
disagree v. 不一致, 不赞同
disagree • not agree • not see eye to eye • take issue with • differ • agree to disagree • dissent
consult v.商量, 咨询
ask somebody"s advice • seek advice • get/obtain advice • consult
第四段
shelter v. 掩蔽,，躲避
shelter • give somebody shelter/refuge • asylum
第五段
solidify v. 凝固，巩固
harden • solidify • set • freeze • stiffen
exert v. 尽(力), 施加(压力等)
To work very hard and use a lot of physical or mental energy:overcome v. 战胜, 克服
hold back • stifle • suppress • overcome/conquer
第六段
create v. 创造, 产生
invent • create • come up with/think up • devise • make up • conceive • dream up • coin
contain v. 包含, 容纳, 容忍
include • contain • among • range from something to
第八段
expand v.膨胀，扩张，发展
get bigger • grow • expand • swell up • stretch
elapse v.(时间)过去, 消逝
pass/go by • elapse • the passage/passing of time
第十段
scan v. 扫描，浏览,
skim • scan • have a look at
complete v.完成
finish • have done something • complete • get something finished • be through • conclude
Passage 3
第一段
assist v. 援助, 帮助
help • give/lend a hand • assist • do something for • do somebody a favour • help out • do somebody a good turn • do your bit • come to somebody"s aid/assistance • give help/assistance/support
第二段
occur v. 发生, 出现
happen • take place • there is • be • occur • come about • crop up • come up • be coming up • turn up • arise • strike
fluctuate v. 变动, 波动
keep changing • vary • fluctuate • be in flux/be in a state of flux
exceed v.超越, 胜过
be more than • exceed • outnumber • be up • pass
impact v. 碰撞, 冲击，影响
have an effect • have an impact • affect • take effect • make a difference • impact
increase v. 增加, 增大
increase • step up • expand • broaden • extend • intensify
differ v.不一致, 不同
different • not like • not the same • vary • differ • contrast with • be a departure from • diverse
第三段
evolve v. 发展，进展，进化
develop • evolve
reserve v. 储备, 保存
reserve/book • reservation • booking
assure v. 断然地说, 确告, 保证
promise • assure • give somebody your word • swear • vow • guarantee • commit to • pledge
第四段
maximize v. 最大值, 最佳化
increase • raise • put up • jack up • push up/drive up/force up • boost • double/triple/quadruple • maximize
ripen v. 成熟
To become ripe or to make something ripe
第五段
delay v.耽搁, 延迟
delay • hold up • set back • get bogged down
remain v. 保持, 逗留, 剩余
left • be left over • remain • survive • be still standing/be left standing • to spare • to go
escape v. 逃脱, 避开
escape • get out • run away/run off • bolt • run for it/make a run for it • flee • make your
escape • take to your heels • break free/break away • bail out
第六段
convert v. 转变, 转换
adapt • modify • convert • customize
第七段
divide v.划分, 分开, 隔开
separate • divide • split • break up • break down • take apart • dismantle • take something to pieces
prevent v.防止, 预防
prevent • stop • keep somebody from doing something • restrain • hold back • get in the way of • discourage • avoid • avert • head off • guard against
survive v.幸免, 幸存
survive • survivor • come through • get through
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